Taking care of your laptop's battery

Via:microsoft.com

Via:http://colorcotton.blogspot.com/2012/05/taking-care-of-your-laptops-battery.html

Does it seem like no matter what you do, your computer is always out of battery power? It might be time to replace the battery. Every battery has a designed capacity-basically the amount of charge that it's designed to hold. Over time batteries lose their ability to hold a charge. This means that even though you're fully charging your battery, the actual amount of power that the battery can hold is going down.

Some of the telltale signs that your battery is going bad are shorter use times, and subsequently, shorter times to recharge. If you notice the amount of time you can spend unplugged is going down, then chances are your battery has lost much of its ability to hold a charge. Another sign that your battery might be on the wane is that it takes less time to recharge. A battery that's going bad might also cause your computer to turn off or hibernate unexpectedly, even if the battery meter displays ample capacity remaining (70 or 80 percent).

Fortunately, Windows can help you know when your battery is unable to hold a full charge. When your battery gets down to 40 percent of its original capacity (that is, it can only hold 40 percent or less of its designed capacity after it has been charged), you'll see a notification via the battery meter icon that your battery might be going bad. This notification is new in Windows 7-earlier versions of Windows can't notify you when your battery is going bad. If you don't want to receive this notification, you can turn it off by clearing the check box on the battery meter.

Battery meter showing a notification that a battery might be going bad

Many batteries will show signs of problems well before reaching 40 percent of their original capacity. Also, many computer manufacturers have programs that you can use to measure the performance of your battery. These programs might be more sensitive to battery problems and should be used first to check the condition of your computer's battery. For more information about solutions to this problem, see Solutions to common battery problems.

Note

Some computer manufacturers report the designed capacity of their batteries to be the level of the last full charge, so it's possible that your battery might be below the warning threshold without giving you any warning. If your computer continues to run out of battery too quickly, but your battery meter shows that it's fully charging, it might be time to consider replacing your battery. Check with your computer manufacturer for information about replacing your battery.

Using the battery meter to monitor power consumption

• The battery meter is a handy tool located in the notification area of the Windows taskbar that makes it easy for you to keep an eye your computer's power consumption. The battery meter icon indicates whether your laptop is plugged in or whether it's running on battery power . When you point to the battery meter, you can see the percentage of battery charge remaining as well as an estimate of how much time you have until you'll need to plug your computer in.


• When you click the battery meter icon, you can get more information-like which power plan you're using and, if you have more than one battery, how much charge is left in your second battery. You can also change power plans and access additional settings for managing more power options. For more information, see Battery meter: frequently asked questions.

Battery meter showing power plans

Using power plans to save your battery

One of the easiest ways to save your battery without affecting the performance of your computer is to use one of the built-in power plans that come with Windows. Power plans are basically collections of hardware and software settings that control how your computer uses power. There are two power plans that come with Windows that are useful for laptops:

Balanced. This is the plan that most laptops use by default. It offers full performance and display brightness when you need it and saves power during periods of inactivity.

Power saver. This plan can help you get the most from a single battery charge. It saves power by reducing system performance and screen brightness.

In addition to the power plans that come with Windows, your computer manufacturer might offer additional plans. You can also create your own power plan, or customize the settings for one of the existing plans. For more information, see Change, create, or delete a power plan (scheme).

Getting the most out of your battery

In addition to using power plans to get the most mileage out of a battery charge, it's also important to take care of your battery to make sure you get the most life out of it.

• Make sure you're following the manufacturer's instructions for charging and maintaining your battery. Only use a charger and power cord supplied by the manufacturer.


• Don't let your battery get too hot (or too cold). A hot battery is a sign of trouble and usually means that your battery isn't working properly. You should stop using it right away. Also, make sure that your battery isn't exposed to extreme temperatures. Batteries are designed to work best at room temperatures. Avoid using (or even storing) batteries in extreme temperature conditions.


• Use your battery to keep it fresh. Don't keep your computer plugged in all the time. It's a good idea to discharge and then recharge your laptop battery about once a month. Also, you should let your battery run down before you recharge it.
  
  

End:VGP-BPS13/Q, Laptop Battery, Compaq Presario CQ60 Battery, etc.

Have a nice day!

Market Analysis lithium-ion battery electrolyte

A lithium-ion battery electrolyte profile

The electrolyte is a lithium-ion battery four key materials (cathode, anode, separator, electrolyte), one known as lithium ion batteries, "blood" between the battery negative Chiang conduction electrons play the role of a lithium-ion battery for high voltage, high specific energy, etc. guarantee. Electrolyte generally of high purity organic solvents, lithium salt electrolyte (lithium hexafluorophosphate, LiPF6), the necessary additives and other raw materials, under certain conditions, the preparation made by a certain percentage.

Second, the type of lithium-ion battery electrolyte

1, the liquid electrolyte

Electrolyte used for lithium-ion battery performance is very large, it must be good chemical stability, especially at higher potentials and high temperature environment is not easy to decompose, a high ionic conductivity (> 10--3 s / cm), but also for the anode and cathode materials must be inert, they can not invade rot. Because lithium-ion battery charge and discharge potential and the anode material embedded in a higher chemical reactivity of lithium, so the electrolyte must not contain organic compounds and water. However, the ionic conductivity of organic matter is not good, so soluble in organic solvents, the conductivity of salt added to improve the ionic conductivity. Lithium-ion batteries are mainly used liquid electrolytes, the anhydrous organic solvent such as EC (ethyl carbonate), PC (propylenecarbonate), DMC (dimethyl carbonate), DEC (diethyl carbonate), the majority of mixed solvents, such as EC2DMC and PC2DMC . Conductive salt with L iClO4, LiPF6, LiBF6, LiA sF6 and LiOSO2CF3, their conductivity in the order of LiAsF6> LiPF6> LiClO4> LiBF6> LiOSO 2CF3. LiClO4 due to high oxidation prone to explosion and other safety issues, generally confined to experimental studies; LiAsF6 high ionic conductivity and good stability and easy purification, but contain toxic As, limited use; LiBF6 chemical and good thermal stability and conductivity is not high, LiO SO2CF3 poor conductivity and corrosion of the electrode, and less use; although LiPF6 will decompose, but with higher ionic conductivity, so the basic lithium-ion battery is used LiPF6. Current commercial lithium-ion battery electrolyte is mostly used LiPF6 of EC2DMC, it has a high ionic conductivity and good electrochemical stability.

2, solid electrolyte

Directly with lithium metal as anode materials with high reversible capacity, its theoretical capacity of up to 3862mAh g-1, is a graphite material 10 times, lower prices, is seen as a new generation of lithium-ion batteries of the most attractive anode material, but will produce lithium dendrites. Using solid electrolyte ionic conductivity as the lithium can inhibit the growth of dendrites, making it possible anode materials for lithium. In addition, use of solid electrolyte leakage of liquid electrolyte to avoid the shortcomings of the battery can be made thinner (thickness of only 0.1mm), higher energy density, smaller high-energy batteries. Destructive experiments show that solid-state lithium-ion battery safety is high, the nail wear, heating (200 C), short circuit and overcharge (600%) and other destructive experiments, the liquid electrolyte lithium-ion battery leakage occurs, explosion and other safety issues, and solid-state batteries within the temperature slightly higher than outside (<20 C) did not have any other security problems. Solid polymer electrolyte has good flexibility, film, stability, low cost, can use as a membrane between the positive and negative electrodes can be used as the electrolyte ions to pass.

Solid polymer electrolyte can be divided into dry form solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) and gel polymer electrolyte (GPE). SPE solid polymer electrolyte is mainly based on polyethylene oxide (PEO), the drawback is the low ionic conductivity, at 100 C can only reach 10-40cm. Ion conduction in the SPE is mainly in the amorphous region, with the movement of polymer chains pass migration. Because of its easy crystallization of PEO molecular chain of high regularity, and reduces the ionic conductivity of the crystal rate. Therefore, in order to improve the ionic conductivity on the one hand by reducing the crystallinity of the polymer to improve the chain mobility, on the other hand by increasing the conductivity of salt solubility in the polymer. The use of graft, block, cross-linking, copolymerization and other means to disrupt the crystallization properties of polymers can significantly improve the ionic conductivity. In addition, by adding inorganic salt compound can improve the ionic conductivity. In the solid polymer electrolyte by adding a high dielectric constant of the liquid low molecular weight organic solvents such as PC can greatly improve the conductivity of salt solubility, the composition of the electrolyte gel polymer electrolyte is the GPE, it is high at room temperature ionic conductivity, but will occur in the course of analysis of fluid and failure. Gel polymer lithium-ion batteries have been commercialized.

Third, the electrolyte materials, future trends

Lithium-ion battery with its own advantages of being integrated into a much larger group of industries - automotive battery in the field. To meet this huge industrial base, lithium-ion battery electrolyte materials, the development trend of the future will focus on new solvents, ionic liquids, additives, new lithium salt, etc., and new positive and negative electrode materials to match, so that the lithium-ion battery safer, higher power, more capacity, the ultimate safe and convenient way for electric vehicles, energy storage, aerospace and wider areas.

Lithium-ion battery industry in order to meet future development needs, we must develop a high-security, high environmental adaptability of battery electrolyte materials. Mainly from the electrolyte solvent, solute, and additives on the choice of consideration:

(1) to select a wide operating temperature range of solvents, solvent melting point preferably below -40 C, boiling point, preferably above 150 C or higher, wide electrochemical window solvents can better prevent the state of charge under the redox electrolyte, while improving battery cycle stability. For example, consider using ionic liquids, a new solvent, multi-component solvent, so as to solve the battery safety and environmental adaptability.

(2) select the appropriate solute to enhance the environmental adaptability of the battery. Now commonly used LiPF6 (lithium hexafluorophosphate) decomposition temperature is low, there is a small amount from 60 C start decomposition at high temperatures or harsh environments, decomposition increased substantially, resulting in HF (hydrofluoric acid) and other free acid, so that the acidification of the electrolyte, resulting in damage to the electrode material and a sharp deterioration in battery performance.

(3) may consider adding the right amount of flame retardant additives, redox shuttle additive to protect the positive and negative film-forming additives. The use of flame retardant additives to ensure thermal runaway when the internal battery, electrolyte will not burn a fire, so the battery safety can be guaranteed. Adopt the role of redox shuttle additive is to prevent the battery, especially when the battery power because in the course of abnormal conditions, the single cell will overcharge or over-frequent discharge, resulting in rapid deterioration of battery performance, thereby affecting the whole group performance and battery use, and even the occurrence of a security risk. The use of positive and negative film is the role of additives can effectively protect the anode and cathode materials and electrolyte in the charged state of the contact reaction, through the film in the form of the highly reactive negative electrode and the electrolyte is isolated to prevent the electrolyte reactions on the electrode surface.

Fourth, the development of the global status of lithium-ion battery electrolyte

In recent years, the global lithium-ion battery electrolyte industry developed steadily, the market mainly in Japan, Ube Corporation and ECOPRO (Korean Cheil City) company, the two companies account for about 50% of global market share. Ranked in the following companies were: Mitsubishi Chemical, Toyama Chemical, Mitsui Chemicals, Kishida Chemical, Zhangjiagang Guotai glory and other enterprises.

Figure 1: The global lithium-ion battery electrolyte market share of major producers

Market Analysis lithium-ion battery electrolyte

2008, expects the global demand for lithium-ion battery electrolyte increased by 38% year to reach 14,225 tons, the electrolyte 2009 is expected to demand an increase of 35%.

Fifth, the development of the domestic status of lithium-ion battery electrolyte

Made of electrolyte from entering the market in 2002 to gradually replace imported products, through continuous improvement and improved product quality has reached international advanced level. Domestic battery manufacturers supporting electrolyte has been basically achieved domestically, with imports only a small part of the electrolyte.

The main domestic production units electrolyte Jiangsu Guotai (002,091) Cathay Pacific's glory, Tianjin Taurus, Shanshan Dongguan, Shantou golden, Zhuhai race Wei Electronics, Guangzhou Heaven, Beijing hit Asia more than 10 chemical companies. Annual production capacity of 1000 tons and above are involved in high, medium and low-end of each market, China's lithium-ion batteries to meet production needs, and some exports.

Table 2: The major producers of domestic electrolyte

Company Name production capacity / t market share Remarks

Jiangsu Zhangjiagang Guotai Huarong 300,040% subsidiary of Cathay Pacific, the main face of the high-end customers

Dongguan Shanshan Shanshan 300,015 percent investment in 2005, mainly for mid-market customers

Zhuhai race Wei electronic 150,010 percent for high-end customers

Taurus 300015% Tianjin main face of relatively inexpensive low-end

Fluke (Suzhou) 35,005% foreign, primarily to high-end customers

State Chemical Shenzhen Universe 1000 15,005% Japanese-funded enterprises set up in 2002.

Guangzhou, the main face of heaven-sent 200,010% mid-market customers

Beijing Chemical Reagent Research Institute 200010%

Beijing Sunny 15002 create sub-3% was established in 2004, in addition to producing the electrolyte, anode material has an annual output of 1500 tons

5001% on Hai Tuer Industry Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences used proprietary technology

Cathay Pacific Ronghua lithium-ion battery electrolyte industry leading enterprises, is the largest manufacturer of lithium-ion battery electrolyte. In 2008, Jiangsu Yangtze River Chemical Industrial Park in the new 5000 metric ton (also 5,000 tons of production capacity set aside to plant), plant construction has been completed, expected in June-July 2009, 10-trial production of the official production in November, after old factory 3000 tons production capacity shut down. 08/09 were expected annual output of 2700 tons / 4000 tons. Company's domestic market share is currently 30% -40%, and targeting high-end market. Taurus Tianjin, Dongguan Shanshan combined market share of 30% products are mainly targeted the low end.

Race Wei Electronics - Zhuhai race Wei Electronic Materials Co., Ltd. is located in Doumen District of Zhuhai City, Toyama Industrial Park, is a new high-tech private enterprise, an investment 10 million yuan annual output of 1,000 tons of new capacity lithium battery, Lithium-ion battery and super capacitor electrolyte production line, the factory covers an area of 3,000 square meters, mainly produces and sells functional electrolyte: lithium-ion batteries to improve high temperature performance, security and other low-temperature performance of lithium ion batteries and polymer electrolyte batteries, Tailor-made for lithium manganese oxide, lithium iron phosphate, ternary materials, modified natural graphite anode materials of the electrolyte.

Taurus Tianjin - Tianjin Taurus Power Material Co., Ltd. is Xingtai Mining (Group) Co. Ltd. and Tianjin Chemical Research Institute formed a joint venture of the R & D, production, operation and service of high-tech enterprises. Has been completed set of electrolyte salt production, solvent refining, electrolyte preparation and packaging production line, the main products are: lithium hexafluorophosphate (scale of 80 tons / year), high-purity solvents (scale of 500 tons / year), lithium ion batteries Battery electrolyte and related materials. Tianjin Taurus is currently the only one using self-developed technology, domestic raw materials and production equipment, lithium hexafluorophosphate business, but with the industry's feedback information, product quality and abroad, there are still a big gap.

Sixth, raw materials supply lithium hexafluorophosphate

The main raw material for the lithium salt electrolyte, the scientific name (lithium hexafluorophosphate LiPF6), accounting for about 50% of the cost of its production cost is 10 yuan / ton, priced at 40 yuan / ton, gross margin of 75%. Lithium salt of raw materials silica / lithium carbonate can be purchased in China to.

Lithium salt is now almost monopolized by Japanese a few companies. Among them, the annual production of Kanto Chemical LiPF6 electrician 950 tonnes (mainly for UBE), SUTERAKEMIFA 800 tons (mainly for ECOPRO), the world's largest manufacturer of lithium salts produce 960 tons of chemical Morita (mainly for Mitsubishi) The company in Jiangsu Yangtze River Chemical Industrial Park has an annual output of 600 tons production line, in which more than 300 tons supply company. There are also a golden Tech Co., Ltd., Tianjin Chemical Industry Design and Research Institute, Shandong Chemical Fertilizer Xingtai city, Tianjin, Taurus and other companies can produce, but the capacity is less quality and are a lot worse.

Because lithium hexafluorophosphate huge future market demand, domestic enterprises have begun to actively access other. Jiangsu Guotai (002,091) and a joint venture company owned subsidiary of Huarong established source of high-tech materials Zhangjiagang Asia Ltd., invest in a new 300 tons of lithium hexafluorophosphate product project, total investment of 83.3 million yuan, is expected before the end of 2009 test equipment to debug. Henan Fluoride Chemical Co., Ltd. started construction in 2009, annual production capacity of 200 tons of lithium hexafluorophosphate project

Figure 2: Lithium-ion battery electrolytes with LiPF6 supply capacity forecast

Market Analysis lithium-ion battery electrolyte

Lithium hexafluorophosphate in 2009 the overall market supply tensions.

Seven, the next major incremental market forecast electrolyte

1, the hybrid vehicle market

Hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) in the next few years, a major new energy vehicle development. In 2010, global production will reach 78 million vehicles, hybrid vehicle production will reach 2.1 million, accounting for 2.66%, each vehicle battery according to 50,000 yuan, and the whole vehicle battery market value will reach 105 billion yuan. Most auto manufacturers of hybrid cars to 85% Ni-MH battery energy storage device of a vehicle. However, major manufacturers have new models in the use of lithium batteries as the vehicle energy storage device. Li-ion battery to replace the current nickel-metal hydride battery is likely to speed faster than the market expected. (By Foton Motor, for example, received 800 new hybrid vehicles, and decided to use lithium batteries) in the lithium battery industry as a vehicle battery early penetration rate of 20% of the products calculated to reach 21 billion yuan market scale . Electrolyte corresponding market size of 25.2 billion yuan, the future large-scale commercial hybrid electric vehicle demand is expected after the explosive growth of the electrolyte.

2, the electric bicycle market

In 2008, global production of over 22.5 million electric bikes, of which 95% of Chinese production. In the current batteries used in electric bicycles, 84% of lead-acid batteries, only 14% use lithium batteries. According to estimates, by 2010 the global production of electric bicycles will be close to 30.82 million, the battery output value reached 61.64 billion yuan, if the penetration rate reached 10% of the lithium battery, the market scale will reach 6.164 billion yuan, the corresponding market size of 740 million of electrolyte dollars.

3, electric scooter and electric wheelchair market

Electric scooter, including golf carts, electric wheelchairs, 2007, the global electric scooter sales approaching one million, about 8% annual growth rate is expected to reach 1.2 million in 2010. The market is currently dominated by lead-acid batteries, but will also develop in the direction toward the lithium-ion battery. Expected to 2010, global demand for electric scooter more than 1.2 million, the battery output to nearly 33 billion if the penetration rate reached 10% of the lithium battery, the market scale will reach 2.975 billion yuan, the corresponding market size of the electrolyte $ 120 million.

4, the power tool market

Power Tools is a large-scale application of lithium battery market prospects. Currently, power tools, mainly nickel-cadmium batteries, lithium batteries with power tools can easily break through in the past to 18V voltage design limits, and become the power tool industry first product trends. 2005, E-ONE Moli and Miwaukee launch of the V28 used cathode material of lithium manganese battery in the power tool industry 26650 shakes session, officially declared the era of lithium power tools. In 2007, the world's largest power tool manufacturer B & D introduced the world's first use of lithium iron phosphate power tools (DCX6401 Combo Kit), this product in the market after the first two quarters, then its one hour high-speed charging, powerful , high security, and more than 2,000 times the battery cycle life, etc., a record $ 20 million in sales performance, breaking the B & G since the foundation of all records. In the big international companies, driven by the penetration of lithium batteries will continue to rise. The current global demand for power tools at an annual growth rate of around 5%, power tools battery for less than 10%, 85% for the nickel-cadmium batteries. As the nickel-cadmium battery pollution problems, European and American countries have gradually legislation to limit the scope. According to estimates, in 2010, the global power tool market will reach 182 million units, demand reached 730 million batteries, battery output value will reach 33 billion yuan, if the penetration rate reached 10% of the lithium battery, the market reached 3.3 billion corresponding to the size of the market electrolyte 396 million next year there will be steady growth.

 

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Yingli solar technology deep into the American group on campus

According to Bloomberg, China's second largest domestic manufacturer of solar panels - Yingli Green Energy Holding Company Limited (Yingli Green Energy Holding Co.) Rutgers University, the United States recently (Rutgers University) supplied the 7600 solar panels, by the light energy conversion power generation, this year the $ 10 million project to save $ 200,000 for the school's energy costs. Rutgers University has become the nation's largest campus solar one.

It is reported, including the British interest, including several Chinese solar panel manufacturer to slash production costs because of the success, making the price in the international solar cell template declined by 50 percent within two years. Affected by this trend, the global solar power applications are also within the scope has been further promoted.

SunDurance Energy CEO Buckman (Al Bucknam), said: "Compared with other companies, more price advantage Yingli Group."

At present, solar energy companies cut the price of PV panels has also been a move supported by the Chinese government. Some analysts have pointed out that the Chinese government's move to support the Japanese government with decades ago, the practice of the domestic electronics industry is very similar, and in that period, the rapid development of electronics industry in Japan, Japanese companies have now become an important international power electronics markets. Element Partners investment firm Maikejindi (Kathleen A. McGinty), said: "The Chinese government support of solar energy manufacturers of solar cells is a template to guide the main reason for the rapid decline in prices."

Research and consulting firm Pike Research 6 report released Tuesday said that by 2013, there will be a part of the global market situation, that the cost of solar energy in conjunction with ordinary grid electricity as cheaply. European Solar Industry Association (European Photovoltaic Industry Association, EPIA) had also expected in 2010, when parts of southern Italy, in conjunction with grid electricity generation cost of solar flat, followed by Spain in 2012 in some areas can reach this goal .

Bloomberg's New Energy Finance Consulting (Bloomberg New Energy Finance) said that, due to price advantage, in the past six years, the Chinese manufacturer of photovoltaic panels in the international market share has gradually risen to the current 43%.

Negative impact

Consulting firm New Energy Finance chief analyst Deni solar Chase (Jenny Chase) said: "The large number of solar manufacturers in Asia, this factor will make the international market price of solar panels to further decline."

However, solar panels prices fell, the company will have a negative impact, that is, investors are reluctant to invest, so now most of the solar company's stock has not been good.

At present, China's domestic large-scale solar energy companies, including Suntech Power Co., Ltd. (Suntech Power Holdings), Yingli Group, and Trina Solar Limited (Trina Solar Ltd.). This year, three companies in the New York Stock Exchange stock price are different degrees of decline, which Suntech most serious decline was 37%.

Compared with solar energy enterprises in China, foreign manufacturers, such as the German solar giant SolarWorld AG, the U.S. solar panel maker Evergreen Solar Inc.'s Stock devaluation is more serious, the latter's stock price as of July 21 has dropped 56 %.

China's subsidy policy

Deloitte China Research and Insight Director of the Centre Du Zhihao (Kenneth J. DeWoskin) that has been widely believed that China's rapid development of solar energy companies have been able to, mainly because of support by the government. However, this practice was eventually overshadowed the value of PV panels should be.

Yuanta Securities (Yuanta Securities) of the energy industry analyst, said Li Min, China's solar energy business in the international stock market compared to foreign companies, or more attractive. On the whole, analysts basically believe that China's solar energy company solar energy business more than any other state investment potential.

Prior to a Bloomberg News survey of 27 analysts, among them, 14 are recommended to purchase shares of Yingli, only one analyst thinks the stock should be sold Yingli. In contrast, only three analysts believe the stock should be purchased Evergreen Solar, and the proposed sale of the company's stock to seven the number of analysts.

China is only the beginning of the development of solar energy companies

Currently, there are some cities in China began the implementation of subsidies for solar energy, and these cities, renewable energy applications to speed up the pace. Baoding development subsidies to attract about 200 renewable energy companies to invest.

Earlier, China's State Development Bank (China Development Bank Corp.) Announced that the year will Yingli, Suntech and Trina Solar to provide solar energy totaled 116 billion yuan (about $ 17 billion) in loans. Beijing also plans to install the 2012 contract price of $ 1 billion solar panels for heating and lighting systems for the city to provide energy.

Merrill Lynch Bank (Bank of America-Merrill Lynch) analyst Lu Yeung in Hong Kong, said: "The Chinese Government is carefully reviewing its energy policy and the need for new measures." Jason Liu Yingli, vice president, said: "China to promote solar energy industry is still in the initial stage, the use of renewable energy is the inevitable development.

IEA (International Energy Agency) data released in 2009, China replaced the U.S. as the world's largest energy consumer. Thus, the Chinese government has tried to build more similar to the British interest group such enterprises, to reduce the entire country for oil imports and the demand for coal. In addition, in 2009 the Chinese government invested $ 34.6 billion for clean energy projects, almost twice the amount of investment the U.S. government.

 

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Dream into reality, or 10 GW of solar prospects mystery Community

PV never a lack of dreams.

Among the many chiefs intense flame for the occasion of the European market, known as the world's most a 10 GW of solar community project was started in Ningguo quietly.

The initiator of the project in Sichuan Apollo Solar Science and Technology Co., Ltd., an American OTCBB (OTC board the United States, the equivalent of China GEM) listed companies. Although limited fame in the country, but is surging behind the Chinese building materials [13.224.92%] and the Chinese energy-saving "GuoZiHao" giant figure.

July 20, a source close to the project, told reporters, "This project is not an Apollo in operation, China Building Materials, Chengdu, were Optoelectronics, Ningguo City investment and other companies are also important participants. In addition, the China Energy Conservation the project also has strong interest. "

10 GW of solar cities project, once completed, will occupy in 2020 half of China's PV installed capacity planning. With the central rate of the booster, the Apollo of the smooth photovoltaic dream into reality?

The world's most

Ningguo Estimated total investment will reach 60 billion -1000 yuan, covers an area of about 30-50 square kilometers, the construction period of 6-8 years. Through the construction of a large number of grid-connected solar power generation facilities, low-cost solar photovoltaic lighting systems, and industrial parks, Ningguo plans to become China's first use of solar power and zero emissions city.

After completion of the project, Apollo is expected to be 51% of the shares, the remaining 49% of the shares will belong to Ningguo investment company, Chengdu were Optoelectronics Corporation and other investors.

Recently, the project has taken the first step.

Ningguo government, a staff member confirmed to reporters, "2 MW project is already pre-start."

"In April, Apollo and Ningguo government signed non-binding letter of intent, which is one of the first project." Hou Renyi, CEO of Apollo, said.

According to Apollo and the Government signed an agreement Ningguo, 2 MW solar project will be the central and local government financial subsidies. Specific arrangements for subsidies: the first year of operation of 2.15 yuan / kWh, the second year of 1.7 yuan / kWh, after the third year of operations and 1.5 yuan / kWh.

Currently, Apollo has purchased from the United States 2 megawatts of thin-film solar panels, "is expected in mid-June of goods to the Dunning country, in September will complete the installation and operation of the test."

Same thin-film cadmium telluride solar cell project, Erdos [11.25 0.00%] project has not Ningguo project so smoothly.

September 2009, China and the U.S. solar energy company First Solar's largest contract Erdos 2 GW power station project. The project covers an area of 64 square kilometers, plans to complete construction within 10 years, the industry estimates its total investment in 4000 to 6000 million yuan. However, this year scheduled to start June 1, a 30 MW project, but for some reason delayed.

Prospects of a mystery

Although the project has been initial progress, but some insiders are not optimistic about its prospects.

"10 GW, zero emissions, this is a conceptual thing, eventually to reach 1 GW of this project have been good after all, rather different from the Ordos country, not only the lack of adequate sunlight all year round resource, lack of adequate land supply. "a solar company executives said.

Statistics show that China's solar energy resources are Ningguo distribution of the fourth class in the region, the annual sunshine time is 1400-2200 hours, is not ideal for implementing large-scale solar energy project area.

In the executive's view, "the domestic photovoltaic companies signed an investment agreement with the local power station project size is often more than in GW if all together, more than 2020 domestic goal of building a solar power plant. The reason for this , because companies need to increase awareness and local. "

Of course, Ningguo also has its own advantages.

"There are two step-up point of East China Power Grid." Aforementioned source told reporters, "After the photovoltaic power plant needs access to the grid through the inverter boost to the western construction of photovoltaic power plants for many regions, but the lack of step-up point, Solar power can not access the grid, even if the project did not win with. "

However, an unavoidable problem is that 10 GW of about 50 square kilometers of land for the project and 100 billion yuan of investment, the parties must bear the high costs.

The source also admitted that, relative to the Erdos project, rather small but the country into an area of the solar community is larger, mainly because the project relies on mountain resources, land formation, water conservation and many other environmental content to be considered.

Ningguo Government sources pointed out above, "Ningguo industrial base is not strong, but with a newly assigned to Little economic development of this project is easy to obtain state support. Taking into account the weak local finance, and urban development of the project will be run with the synchronization. "

On the other hand, Ningguo project also must face the outside of cadmium challenge.

Aforementioned photovoltaic executives said cadmium telluride thin-film batteries in the United States to promote the cause, because First Solar provides a full range of recovery mode, and set up a special fund, through packaging, leak-proof processes, to ensure that every piece of the battery components After reaching the life can be recycled by professionals, "but if there is such a domestic regulatory environment and mechanisms, whether the enterprise has established such a recovery model?"

In addition, the executives also believe that, "compared with the leading foreign and domestic cadmium telluride thin-film battery technology is still a certain gap. Apollo most of solar energy technology solar energy depends on the Sichuan University Materials Research Laboratory, which although reached 13.38% conversion efficiency, but the market has yet to test its stability. "

Mysterious Apollo

"Apollo will be responsible for the solar community Ningguo construction management and operations, and it is also the first domestic production of cadmium telluride thin film solar cell company." Said the aforementioned source.

However, compared to First Solar and Apollo in the U.S. stock market performance far.

July 20, First Solar (NasdaqGS: FSLR) up to the closing price of $ 134.55 / share, but Apollo (ASOE.OB) only $ 4.06 / share.

Such a business, whether the operation of 10 GW of solar projects have the strength?

The aforementioned solar executives that "Apollo project so much courage to operate, the key is to have the support of China's building materials."

As the largest glass manufacturers, China's building materials business forward optical glass, coated glass and other areas of transformation, Apollo has become one of the partners it chooses.

Late last year, China's building materials Bengbu Glass Industry Design and Research Institute and co-Apollo, the construction of 500 MW in Chengdu, cadmium telluride thin film solar cell production line. Prior to this, both sides have a joint venture in Chengdu, LCD glass substrate projects. The total investment in two projects totaling $ 6.7 billion.

Above to informed sources, the joint venture of the company's total registered capital of optical Apollo $ 140 million, Bengbu Glass Industry Design and Research Institute to master 55% stake in Apollo to the land, plant, resources, and investment accounted for 35% of the shares, the remaining vote the shares held by the city of Chengdu.

But you as the "Guo Zihao" China's building materials, why choose Apollo as a partner?

Many informed people believe that due to Apollo Solar has the world's only independent existence of tellurium mine. This deposit has proven reserves of more than 2000 tons.

Currently, the world's annual production of tellurium is about 220 tons, mainly in the United States, Canada, Peru and Japan production.

With this deposit, Apollo has been in the industry to establish its own competitive advantage.

It seems some of the industry, cadmium telluride thin-film battery manufacturers is one of the bottlenecks in the development of the supply of cadmium telluride. Tellurium on the market are usually copper, zinc and lead mining by-product, leading to impurities in cadmium telluride abound.

Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences researcher Chu Jun-Hao confirmed to reporters, Apollo has become the First Solar's raw material suppliers. In April 2009, the two companies signed a tellurium and cadmium telluride on the resources of the supply agreement.

But Apollo was not satisfied with this.

"Apollo does not want to simply raw material suppliers, but want to be vertically integrated from raw materials to the battery cadmium telluride solar energy companies, which have cost more than the advantage of First Solar." Said the aforementioned source.

Apollo is targeting a huge future market.

According to industry analyst firm NanoMarkets predicts that the global thin film solar cells in 2015 will reach 26,000 megawatts of generating capacity, sales will exceed $ 20 billion. Solar power for more than half will come from the thin-film solar cells. The thin-film cell production in 2009 was only 1644 MW, there will be 16-fold increase in space.

The alliance with Apollo, you have the opportunity to share China's building materials of the future of this huge market.

"Every 50 megawatts of thin-film solar cell uses about 1 square meter of TCO glass, and solar-grade TCO glass substrate is generally the use of ultra white float glass. You can imagine the future that can provide much of the profits of China Building Materials room to grow. "PV above analysis of corporate executives," said Apollo investment, but also to China's building materials distribution ahead of the domestic film solar market. "

Recently, the China Zhi-Ping Song, chairman of building materials in an interview that the company is promoting the recent film solar cells, "Apollo" project, toward the world's largest supplier of solar cells goal. "China's building materials or do not do, what must be the formation of scale."

In addition to China's building materials, the energy efficiency of China has expressed strong interest in the Apollo.

Earlier, Apollo, and in China's Energy Solar Energy Technology Co., Ltd. has signed a non-binding agreement, which is China's largest solar power plant operators.

But it is worth noting that cooperation agreement contains a provision: Apollo Solar through independent financing and technology alone to establish the station, and then be acquired by the CECS.

 

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Yichun strive to achieve five years ahead of lithium to "billion" target

In the face of domestic and foreign new lithium energy industry showing the catch, warlords dispute situation, recently, the municipal government decisively on the new lithium energy industry planning objectives has been adjusted, put forward five years ahead of schedule to achieve "100 billion" development goals.

Currently, the city signed a new energy industry projects lithium 30, contracted funds to $ 3.1 billion, of which 10 million over the project 13; Foster has been put into new energy enterprises, energy and Hongxing Jiang special lithium battery materials 3. The city's new lithium energy industry achieved initial success, but think globally, the pace of development is still relatively slow.

New round in the tide of new energy revolution to seize the market high ground, the city in time for the new lithium energy industry planning objectives have been adjusted, the original plan "in 2020 formed a relatively complete new lithium energy industry cluster, the annual output value and strive to exceed 10 billion "goals, adjusting for the" production value in 2015 over 100 billion yuan, and strive to break through 120 billion yuan. " Meanwhile, the city of Yichun Ta-Nb ore capacity expansion, battery grade lithium carbonate, lithium battery materials, power lithium-ion batteries, lithium ion storage battery, lithium car, motor vehicle lithium, lithium moped, waste battery recycling project re-development to be planned.

5 years earlier for the realization of "100 billion" development goals, the city asked local departments of self-pressurized, concentrating on investment activities, promote the project at full speed to the speed of a forced march to promote strong new lithium energy industry. Meanwhile, the city decided to launch the new lithium energy industry investment assault on activities by the municipal government and the main leaders led city leaders to go to the key areas, active fragment investment. In addition, the establishment of new energy lithium Yichun national high-tech industrialization base project to promote the Working Group make every effort to project tracking services, to accelerate the project construction.

What is iron battery?

High-iron battery is a synthetic stable ferrate (K2FeO4, BaFeO4, etc.) can be used as high-iron battery cathode material to produce the energy density, small size, light weight, long life, non-polluting new battery chemistries.

Iron battery advantages: -

High-energy, high-capacity. On the civilian market power than the battery is only 60 - 135w/kg, and high-iron battery can reach 1000w/kg above, the battery discharge current is 3-10 times normal. Particularly suitable for high-power, high current applications. Cost-effective high-iron battery. Alkaline manganese batteries can not meet the current needs of high-current high-capacity power digital cameras, video cameras and other electronic products need lithium-ion batteries due to cost in this regard does not have a strong competitive edge.

High-iron battery discharge curve flat. Such as Zn-K2FeO4, 70% more than the discharge time in the 1.2-1.5V.

Rich raw materials. The most abundant element in the earth's crust is aluminum and iron, the iron content in the crust of 4.75%, manganese content of 0.088%. Price of iron per mol +6 also can produce 3mol electronic, and each mol + 4 manganese only produce 1mol electronics, the amount of iron is very rich in its own case, only the Mn 1 / 3, a significant reduction in social resources, reduce the raw material costs. MnO2 market about 9,000 yuan / ton, Fe (NO3) 3 of about 7,500 yuan / ton.

Green pollution-free. Ferrate product discharge as FeOOH or Fe2O3-H2O, non-toxic and pollution-free, environmentally friendly. No recovery.

Principle of high-iron battery technology

Currently, developing countries in the world for new energy vehicles, to further reduce vehicle exhaust pollution of the environment, to take different measures, some new energy to continue to be used in modern cars, such as natural gas, hydrogen, electric energy, fuel batteries, and fuel cells is that all auto manufacturers and research institutes devoted to studying the one direction.

In the current fuel cell technology, there is a new battery technology ----- iron battery technology.

Discussion at home and abroad with high iron iron battery lithium iron batteries and pool two. High-iron battery is a kind of synthesis of stable ferrate (K2FeO4, BaFeO4, etc.) as a high-iron battery cathode materials, with energy density, small size, light weight, long life, no pollution of the new chemical battery; the other is the lithium-iron batteries, mainly iron phosphate batteries, open circuit voltage at 1.78V-1.83V, operating voltage 1.2V-1.5V, a battery than other high 0.2-0.4V, and the smooth discharge, without pollution, safety and excellent performance.

 

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